Indicators related to criminal activities against the victim
Indicators describing the victim
1.Personal freedom
1.1.The person’s freedom of movement is limited
1.2.The person is kept in isolation and under constant control.
1.3.The person is always accompanied when going outside.
1.4.The person’s contacts with other people and/or members of his/her family are limited.
1.5.The person cannot leave the work place.
1.6.The person has to be in permanent telephone contact with the trafficker.
1.7.The person’s telephone conversations are monitored and controlled.
2.Payment
2.1.The person receives little or no payment.
2.2.The person cannot use or does not have access to his/her earnings.
2.3.The person receives lower payment than the minimum for this sector in the receiving country.
2.4.The person pays debts to the trafficker. (1)
2.5.The person’s debt constantly increases.(2)
2.6.The person is forced to earn a minimum amount per day or week.
3.Work conditions
3.1.The working conditions of the person do not follow the established rules in the labour legislation (3)
3.2.The person cannot negotiate his/her working conditions.
3.3.The preliminary working arrangements are not kept.
3.4.The person is forced to do certain activities.
3.5.The person does not have access to medical help.
4.Living conditions
4.1.The person is forced to work and live in the same place.
4.2.The person lives in very bad conditions, with lots of people in a very small space.
4.3.The person pays very high amounts for very bad living conditions.
4.4.The person does not have access to information (radio, TV, newspapers)
4.5.The person does not have his/her personal belongings.
4.6.The person is being hidden.
5.Violence
5.1.The person is subjected to physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse
5.2.The person witnesses violence against other people with the purpose of maintaining fear “instruction”.
5.3.The person is threatened with violence against him/her or family members.
5.4.The person is deprived of food and water
5.5.The person has visible marks of violence
5.6.The person is “disciplined” through punishments
5.7.The person is drugged in order to develop an addiction and increase compliance
6.Dependence
6.1.The person does not speak the local language
6.2.The person does not know his/her home or work address.
6.3.The person is dependent on the trafficker for his/her survival(4)
6.4.The person is dependent on the trafficker for drug use
7.Blackmail
7.1.The person is blackmailed by having his/her documents taken away
7.2.The person is blackmailed with his/her illegal status in the destination country
7.3.The person’s relatives are threatened or blackmailed
7.4.The person is blackmailed through threats of distribution of personal information about him/her and his/her family
7.5.The person is blackmailed with threats for informing the authorities about criminal activities in which the person participates
7.6.The person is blackmailed through threats of spreading the fact that he/she is a sex worker
8.Recruitment
8.1.The person is recruited by an intermediary agency for work abroad, a model agency, a tourism agency, dating agency, training or other agency
8.2.The person is recruited by a friend, partner, relative, family member or other acquaintance
8.3.The person is recruited through false marriage
8.4.The person has been abducted or kidnapped
9.Deception
9.1.The person was deceived with promises for large income
9.2.The person was deceived about the nature and/or conditions of work
9.3.The person was deceived with promises for marriage
9.4.The person was deceived with promises for a romantic relationship
10. Transfer and reselling
10.1.The person is transferred from one country to another or from one settlement to another
10.2.The person is moved from one town to another
10.3.The person is sold/resold or exchanged from one trafficker/pimp to another
10.4.The person is “rented”
10.5.The person has false identification or travel documents
10.6.The person does not have his/her identification or travel documents because they are in someone else’s possession
11.Sexual exploitation
11.1.The person is moved to different clubs/brothels/prostitution places
11.2.The person has tattoos, branding, or other marks showing “belonging” to a certain trafficker.
11.3.The person lives or travels with other women who sometimes do not speak his/her language
11.4.The person has clothes typical of work in sex industry
11.5.The person knows only words related to provision of sexual services in the local language or the language of the group of clients
11.6.The person is not allowed to refuse service to a client
11.7.The person is not allowed to refuse certain sexual activities
11.8.The person is forced to have unprotected sex
11.9.The person is in the brothel/night club 24 hours a day
11.10.The person is not allowed to stop prostituting if he/she wants
11.11.The person is subjected to forced gynaecological exams and pregnancy tests
11.12.The person is forced to take contraceptives or terminate a pregnancy
11а.Indirect indicators
11.13.There’s evidence that groups of women are living together under the control of other people
11.14.There are advertisements in brothels suggesting sexual services of women of certain nationalities
11.15.There is information that prostituting women provide services to clients of a certain nationality
11.16.Clients report that the prostituting woman seems nervous or anxious and says she is forced to prostitute
12.Labour exploitation
12.1.The person is subjected to forced gynaecological exams and pregnancy tests
12.2.The person lives in agricultural or industrial buildings
12.3.The person is not dressed adequately for the job he/she is doing
12.4.The person has not received any training for the job he/she is doing
12а.Indirect indicators
12.4.The person has not received any training for the job he/she is doing
12.5.Notices have been posted in languages other than the local language
12.6.The employer or manager is unable to show the documents required for employing workers from other countries.
12.7.The employer or manager is unable to show records of wages paid to workers
12.8.There are no health and safety notices.
12.9.Equipment is designed or has been modified so that it can be operated by children
13.Begging and pick-pocketing
13.1.The person begs in public places or in the public transport
13.2.The person is part of a group for begging, petty theft, or other type of criminal activity
13.3.The person has physical impairments that appear to be the result of mutilation
13.4.The person participates in activities of organized criminal groups
13.5.The person is punished if he/she does not steal enough
13.6.The person moves daily in large groups and over considerable distances
13.7.The person lives together with other people who are not part of his/her family who are known to the police in relation to criminal activities
13.8.The person travels with members of a criminal group to the country of destination
13.9.The person has been forbidden to leave the country in accordance with the Law for Bulgarian identification documents
13а.Indirect indicators
13.10.The cases of crimes related to begging or pick-pocketing increase
13.11.The group of presumed victims has moved across many countries over a certain period of time
13.12.The person is known in relation to begging
13.13.The presumed victims have been involved in begging, pick-pocketing or other types of criminal activity in the country or abroad
14.Domestic servitude
14.1.The person lives with the family like an aide (domestic help, babysitter, caretaker, etc.)
14.2.The person does not eat with the rest of the family.
14.3.The person does not have any personal space.
14.5.The person is reported missing by his/her employer even though he/she is still living in the employer’s house
14.6.The person rarely or never leaves the house
14.7.The person cannot leave the house without his/her employer
14.8.The person does not receive enough food
14.9.The person is subjected to insults, abuse, threats or violence
15.Trafficking of children (up to 18 years of age)
15.1.The child carries and/or sells drugs
15.2.The child is part of a group of children of the same nationality (ethnicity)
15.3.The child is part of a group with the same adult (guardian)
15.4.The child is unaccompanied and was “found” by an adult of the same nationality.
15.5.The child is part of a group with other children who travel with the public transport for no obvious reason.
15.6.The child lives with adults who are not his/her relatives
15.7.The child is neglected.(5)
15.8.The child tried to escape from the officer who is detaining him/her
15.9.The child is scared and uncommunicative
15.10.The child does not know the local language
15.11.The child persistently begs from people on the street
15.12.The child has been detained by the police before and is registered for thefts
15.13.The child does not go to school and cannot read or write
15.14.The child is trained to speak in the same way in certain situations
15.15.The child cannot use the money he/she earns
15.16.The child is under permanent control/monitoring of an adult from a distance
15а.Indirect indicators
15.17.The adults that live with the child have his/her identity documents and a declaration of consent from the child’s parents
15.18.The adults that live with the child have large sums of money without being able to prove their origin
16.Trafficking of pregnant women
16.1.The woman is a few months pregnant
16.2.The woman is a few months pregnant but tries to cover her condition
16.3.The woman travels with a man who claims to be the baby’s father
16.4.The woman is a few months pregnant and travels with people who are not her relatives
16.5.The woman is a few months pregnant and travels but does not have the necessary finances or documents to give birth abroad for medical reasons
17.Behaviour and appearance
17.1.The person is afraid to speak
17.2.The person’s behaviour suggests that he/she has been instructed how to behave and what to say
17.3.The person is trying to escape.
17.4.The person stays away from the other women in the club/brothel
17.5.The person believes he/she is observed or followed
17.6.The person does not know his/her rights
17.7.The person allows other people to speak on his/her behalf
17.8.The person shows fear or anxiety
17.9.The person exhibits anger or nervousness
17.10.The person reports problems with sleep and nightmares
17.11.The person has problems with memory
17.12.The person exhibits signs of depression
17.13.The person is confused about time and space
17.14.The person reports that he/she is going crazy
17.15.The person uses drugs and alcohol
17.16.The person shows mistrust towards authorities
17.17.The person is afraid to reveal their immigration status
17.18.The person protects the trafficker or other third parties
17.19.The person shows deviant behaviour
17.20.The person has sudden mood swings
17.21.The person provides contradictory or incomplete information
17.22.The person has psychosomatic complaints.(6)
17.23.The person has physical complaints as a result of sexual abuse.(7)
17.24.The person reports previous or current pregnancy
17.25.There are signs of violence on the person’s body
17.26.The person looks exhausted
17.27.The person has negligent appearance
17.28.The person has physical and/or psychological difficulties
18.Environment
18.1.People from the person’s environment (parents, relatives, friends, neighbours) suspect that the person may be a victim of trafficking
18.2.The person shows little or no attachment to the home and has started to isolate him/herself
18.3.The person tends to run away from home (or the institution in which he/she lives)
18.4.The person lives in a place that is possibly used for exploitation of people
18.5.The person comes from a place (country, town) which is known to be a place for recruitment for victims of trafficking
18.6.The person is followed on controlled in other ways
18.7.The person has lots of new acquaintances and new things (clothes, cell phone)
18.8.The person is often absent from school or has left school
18.9.The person has contacts with pimps, traffickers and other people connected with trafficking in persons
18.10.The place where the person works or lives is characterized with special security measures – presence of bodyguards, cameras, hiding places, etc.
18.11.The person travels frequently from and to countries of destination/origin